All Privacy Tools
All Privacy Tools
If you’re looking for a specific solution to something, these are the hardware and software tools we recommend in a variety of categories. Our recommended privacy tools are primarily chosen based on security features, with additional emphasis on decentralized and open-source tools. They are applicable to a variety of threat models ranging from protection against global mass surveillance programs and avoiding big tech companies to mitigating attacks, but only you can determine what will work best for your needs.
Service Providers
Calendar Sync
Tuta offers a free and encrypted calendar across their supported platforms. Features include automatic E2EE of all data, sharing features, import/export functionality, multifactor authentication, and more.
Proton Calendar is an encrypted calendar service available to Proton members via its web or mobile clients. Features include automatic E2EE of all data, sharing features, import/export functionality, and more.
Cloud Storage
Proton Drive is an encrypted cloud storage provider from the popular encrypted email provider Proton Mail. The initial free storage is limited to 2 GB, but with the completion of certain steps, additional storage can be obtained up to 5 GB.
Tresorit is a Swiss-Hungarian encrypted cloud storage provider founded in 2011. Tresorit is owned by the Swiss Post, the national postal service of Switzerland.
Peergos is a decentralized protocol and open-source platform for storage, social media, and applications. It provides a secure and private space where users can store, share, view, and edit their photos, videos, documents, etc.
Data Removal Services
EasyOptOuts is a $20/year service which will search a number of different data broker sites and automatically submit opt-out requests on your behalf. They will perform the first search and removal process immediately, and then re-run the process every 4 months in case your data shows up on new sites over time.
Results about you is a free tool which helps you discover whether your personal contact information, including your home address, phone number, and email address, appears in Google search results. If any personal information is found, you can request its removal.
DNS
DNS Providers
We recommend a number of encrypted DNS servers based on a variety of criteria, such as Mullvad and Quad9 amongst others. We recommend for you to read our pages on DNS before choosing a provider. In many cases, using an alternative DNS provider is not recommended.
Encrypted DNS and filtering clients
Control D is a customizable DNS service which lets you block security threats, unwanted content, and advertisements on a DNS level. In addition to their paid plans, they offer a number of preconfigured DNS resolvers you can use for free.
NextDNS is a customizable DNS service which lets you block security threats, unwanted content, and advertisements on a DNS level. They offer a fully functional free plan for limited use.
RethinkDNS is an open-source Android client that supports DoH, DoT, DNSCrypt and DNS Proxy. It also provides additional functionality such as caching DNS responses, locally logging DNS queries, and using the app as a firewall.
DNSCrypt-Proxy is a DNS proxy with support for DNSCrypt, DoH, and Anonymized DNS.
Email Aliasing Services
Addy.io lets you create 10 domain aliases on a shared domain for free, or unlimited standard aliases. The number of shared aliases (which end in a shared domain like @addy.io) that you can create depends on the plan you are subscribed to.
SimpleLogin is a free service which provides email aliases on a variety of shared domain names, and optionally provides paid features like unlimited aliases and custom domains.
Email Providers
Proton Mail is an email service with a focus on privacy, encryption, security, and ease of use. They have been in operation since 2013. Proton AG is based in Geneva, Switzerland.
Mailbox Mail (formerly Mailbox.org) is an email service with a focus on being secure, ad-free, and powered by 100% eco-friendly energy. They have been in operation since 2014. Mailbox Mail is based in Berlin, Germany.
Tuta (formerly Tutanota) is an email service with a focus on security and privacy through the use of encryption. Tuta has been in operation since 2011 and is based in Hanover, Germany.
Financial Services
Payment Masking Services
Privacy.com’s free plan allows you to create up to 12 virtual cards per month, set spend limits on those cards, and shut off cards instantly. Their paid plans provide higher limits on the number of cards that can be created each month.
MySudo provides up to 9 virtual cards depending on the plan you purchase. Their paid plans additionally include functionality which may be useful for making purchases privately, such as virtual phone numbers and email addresses, although we typically recommend other email aliasing providers for extensive email aliasing use.
Online Gift Card Marketplaces
Instant Messengers
Signal is a mobile app developed by Signal Messenger LLC. The app provides instant messaging and calls secured with the Signal protocol, an extremely secure encryption protocol which supports forward secrecy and post-compromise security.
If you use Android and your threat model requires protecting against targeted attacks you may consider using this alternative app, which features a number of security and usability improvements, to access the Signal network. Molly is an alternative Signal client for Android which allows you to encrypt the local database with a passphrase at rest, to have unused RAM data securely shredded, to route your connection via Tor, and more.
SimpleX Chat is an instant messenger that doesn’t depend on any unique identifiers such as phone numbers or usernames. Its decentralized network makes SimpleX Chat an effective tool against censorship.
Briar is an encrypted instant messenger that connects to other clients using the Tor network, making it an effective tool at circumventing censorship. Briar can also connect via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth when in local proximity.
Photo Backups
Password Managers
Bitwarden is a free and open-source password and passkey manager. It aims to solve password management problems for individuals, teams, and business organizations.
Proton Pass is an open-source, end-to-end encrypted password manager developed by Proton, the team behind Proton Mail. It securely stores your login credentials, generates unique email aliases, and supports and stores passkeys.
1Password is a password manager with a strong focus on security and ease-of-use that allows you to store passwords, passkeys, credit cards, software licenses, and any other sensitive information in a secure digital vault. Your vault is hosted on 1Password’s servers for a monthly fee.
Psono is a free and open-source password manager from Germany, with a focus on password management for teams. Psono supports secure sharing of passwords, files, bookmarks, and emails.
Note
For local or self-hosted password managers, see our Password Managers (Local) section below.
Search Engines
Brave Search is a search engine developed by Brave. It includes unique features such as Discussions, which highlights conversation-focused results such as forum posts.
DuckDuckGo is one of the more mainstream private search engine options. Notable DuckDuckGo search features include bangs and a variety of instant answers.
Startpage is a private search engine. One of Startpage’s unique features is the Anonymous View, which puts forth efforts to standardize user activity to make it more difficult to be uniquely identified.
SearXNG is an open-source, self-hostable, metasearch engine. It is an actively maintained fork of SearX.
VPN Providers
Proton VPN is a strong contender in the VPN space, and they have been in operation since 2016. Proton AG is based in Switzerland and offers a limited free tier, as well as a more featured premium option.
IVPN is another premium VPN provider, and they have been in operation since 2009. IVPN is based in Gibraltar and does not offer a free trial.
Mullvad is a fast and inexpensive VPN with a serious focus on transparency and security. They have been in operation since 2009. Mullvad is based in Sweden and offers a 14-day money-back guarantee for payment methods that allow it.
Software
AI Chat
Kobold.cpp is an AI client that runs locally on your Windows, Mac, or Linux computer. It’s an excellent choice if you are looking for heavy customization and tweaking, such as for role-playing purposes.
Ollama is a command-line AI assistant that is available on macOS, Linux, and Windows. Ollama is a great choice if you’re looking for an AI client that’s easy-to-use, widely compatible, and fast due to its use of inference and other techniques.
Llamafile is a lightweight, single-file executable that allows users to run LLMs locally on their own computers without any setup involved. It is backed by Mozilla and available on Linux, macOS, and Windows.
Browser Extensions
uBlock Origin is a popular content blocker that could help you block ads, trackers, and fingerprinting scripts.
uBlock Origin Lite is a Manifest V3 compatible content blocker. Compared to the original uBlock Origin, this extension does not require broad read/modify data permissions to function, which lowers the risk of Passive Attacks on your browser if a malicious rule is added to a filter list.
AdGuard for iOS is a free and open-source content-blocking extension for Safari that uses the native Content Blocker API.
Cryptocurrency
Data and Metadata Redaction
MAT2 is free, cross-platform software which allows you to remove metadata from image, audio, torrent, and document file types. It provides both a command line tool and a graphical user interface via an extension for Dolphin, the default file manager of KDE.
ExifEraser is a modern, permissionless image metadata erasing application for Android.
ExifTool is the original Perl library and command-line application for reading, writing, and editing meta information (Exif, IPTC, XMP, and more) in a wide variety of file formats (JPEG, TIFF, PNG, PDF, RAW, and more).
Desktop Browsers
Mullvad Browser is a version of Tor Browser with Tor network integrations removed. It aims to provide to VPN users Tor Browser’s anti-fingerprinting browser technologies, which are key protections against Mass Surveillance.
Firefox provides strong privacy settings such as Enhanced Tracking Protection, which can help block various types of tracking.
Brave Browser includes a built-in content blocker and privacy features, many of which are enabled by default. Brave is built upon the Chromium web browser project, so it should feel familiar and have minimal website compatibility issues.
Document Collaboration
Email Clients
Thunderbird is a free, open-source, cross-platform email, newsgroup, news feed, and chat (XMPP, IRC, Matrix) client developed by the Thunderbird community, and previously by the Mozilla Foundation.
Apple Mail is included in macOS and can be extended to have OpenPGP support with GPG Suite, which adds the ability to send PGP-encrypted email.
FairEmail is a minimal, open-source email app which uses open standards (IMAP, SMTP, OpenPGP) and minimizes data and battery usage.
Evolution is a personal information management application that provides integrated mail, calendaring, and address book functionality. Evolution has extensive documentation to help you get started.
Kontact is a personal information manager (PIM) application from the KDE project. It provides a mail client, address book, RSS client, and an organizer.
Mailvelope is a browser extension that enables the exchange of encrypted emails following the OpenPGP encryption standard.
NeoMutt is an open-source command line email reader for Linux and BSD. It’s a fork of Mutt) with added features.
Encryption Software
Operating System Encryption
Tip
For encrypting your OS drive, we typically recommend using the encryption tool your operating system provides, whether that is BitLocker on Windows, FileVault on macOS, or LUKS on Linux. These tools are included with the operating system and take advantage of hardware encryption elements such as a secure cryptoprocessor.
Recommended tools
Cryptomator is an encryption solution designed for privately saving files to any cloud Service Provider, eliminating the need to trust that they won’t access your files. It allows you to create vaults that are stored on a virtual drive, the contents of which are encrypted and synced with your cloud storage provider.
VeraCrypt is a source-available freeware utility used for on-the-fly encryption. It can create a virtual encrypted disk within a file, encrypt a partition, or encrypt the entire storage device with pre-boot authentication.
BitLocker is the full volume encryption solution bundled with Microsoft Windows that uses the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) for hardware-based security.
FileVault is the on-the-fly volume encryption solution built into macOS. FileVault takes advantage of the hardware security capabilities present on an Apple Silicon SoC or T2 Security Chip.
LUKS is the default FDE method for Linux. It can be used to encrypt full volumes, partitions, or create encrypted containers.
Kryptor is a free and open-source file encryption and signing tool that makes use of modern and secure cryptographic algorithms. It aims to be a better version of age and Minisign to provide a simple, easier alternative to GPG.
Tomb is a command-line shell wrapper for LUKS. It supports steganography via third-party tools.
GnuPG is a GPL-licensed alternative to the PGP suite of cryptographic software. GnuPG is compliant with RFC 4880, which is the current IETF specification of OpenPGP.
GPG4win is a package for Windows from Intevation and g10 Code. It includes various tools that can assist you in using GPG on Microsoft Windows.
GPG Suite provides OpenPGP support for Apple Mail and other email clients on macOS.
OpenKeychain is an implementation of GnuPG for Android. It’s commonly required by mail clients such as Thunderbird, FairEmail, and other Android apps to provide encryption support.
File Sharing and Sync
Send is a fork of Mozilla’s discontinued Firefox Send service which allows you to send files to others with a link. Files are encrypted on your device so that they cannot be read by the server, and they can be optionally password-protected as well.
OnionShare is an open-source tool that lets you securely and anonymously share a file of any size. It works by starting a web server accessible as a Tor onion service, with an unguessable URL that you can share with the recipients to download or send files.
Syncthing is an open-source peer-to-peer continuous file synchronization utility. It is used to synchronize files between two or more devices over the local network or the internet.
Frontends
Redlib is an open-source frontend to the Reddit website that is also self-hostable. You can access Redlib through a number of public instances.
ProxiTok is an open-source frontend to the TikTok website that is also self-hostable.
Invidious is a free and open-source frontend for YouTube that is also self-hostable.
Piped is a free and open-source frontend for YouTube that is also self-hostable.
FreeTube is a free and open-source desktop application for YouTube. FreeTube extracts data from YouTube using its built-in API based on YouTube.js or the Invidious API.
LibreTube is a free and open-source Android application for YouTube which uses the Piped API.
NewPipe is a free and open-source Android application for YouTube, SoundCloud, media.ccc.de, Bandcamp, and PeerTube (1).
Health and Wellness Apps
Drip is a gender-inclusive and open source menstrual cycle tracker available on all mobile platforms. It relies on the ‘sympto-thermal method’ to predict ovulation.
Euki is a nonprofit-backed menstrual cycle tracker that also doubles as a medication tracker and sexual wellness knowledge base. It allows you to schedule the automatic deletion of your personal data in the app.
Apple Health is one of the default apps installed on iOS devices. It includes many health and wellness features (see Health Records), including menstrual cycle tracking.
Apple Fitness is the default fitness app for iOS. Apple Fitness always uses end-to-end encryption when syncing across multiple devices.
Gadgetbridge is an open-source Android application which allows you to pair and manage your Bluetooth device without relying on the vendor’s application. When paired with a compatible smartwatch, it can mimic the health and wellness functionality of these watches without third-party data collection.
Apple Health Records is a built-in feature within Apple Health that allows you to view, store, and share your health records.
CommonHealth is a privacy-respecting Android app that allows people to access their electronic health records and securely share it to providers. All health data is stored on your device and can be protected with a passcode or biometric authentication.
Language Tools
LanguageTool is a multilingual grammar, style, and spell checker that supports more than 20 languages. According to their privacy policy, they do not store any content sent to their service for review, but for higher assurance the software is self-hostable.
LibreTranslate is a free and open-source machine translation web interface and API server. It uses Argos Translate models on the backend for translations.
Maps and Navigation Apps
Organic Maps is an open-source, community-developed map display and satnav-style navigation app for walkers, drivers, and cyclists. The app offers worldwide, offline maps based on OpenStreetMap data, and navigation with privacy — no location tracking, no data collection, and no ads.
OsmAnd is an open-source, offline map and navigation application based on OpenStreetMap that offers turn-by-turn navigation for walking, cycling, driving, as well as public transport. You can find a detailed overview of OsmAnd’s supported features on the OpenStreet Map Wiki.
Multi-Factor Authentication Tools
Note
Hardware security keys have been moved to their own category.
Ente Auth is a free and open-source app which stores and generates TOTP tokens. It can be used with an online account to back up and sync your tokens across your devices (and access them via a web interface) in a secure, end-to-end encrypted fashion.
Aegis Authenticator is a free and open-source app for Android to manage your 2-step verification tokens for your online services. Aegis Authenticator operates completely offline/locally, but includes the option to export your tokens for backup unlike many alternatives.
Mobile Browsers
Brave Browser includes a built-in content blocker and privacy features, many of which are enabled by default. Brave is built upon the Chromium web browser project, so it should feel familiar and have minimal website compatibility issues.
Cromite is a Chromium-based browser with built-in ad blocking, fingerprinting protections, and other privacy and security enhancements. It is a fork of the discontinued Bromite browser.
On iOS, any app that can browse the web is restricted to using an Apple-provided WebKit framework, so a browser like Brave does not use the Blink engine (the core component of Chromium) like its counterparts on other operating systems. Safari is the default browser in iOS.
News Aggregators
Akregator is a news feed reader that is a part of the KDE project. It comes with a fast search, advanced archiving functionality, and an internal browser for easy news reading.
NewsFlash is an open-source, modern, and easy-to-use news feed reader for Linux. It can be used offline or with services like Inoreader or Nextcloud News.
Feeder is a modern RSS client for Android that has many features and works well with folders of RSS feeds.
Miniflux is a web-based news aggregator that you can self-host.
NetNewsWire is a free and open-source feed reader for macOS and iOS with a focus on a native design and feature set.
Newsboat is an RSS/Atom feed reader for the text console. It’s an actively maintained fork of Newsbeuter.
Notebooks
Standard Notes is a simple and private notes app that features cross-platform sync for seamless use. It features E2EE on every platform, and a powerful desktop experience with themes and custom editors.
Notesnook is a free (as in speech), open-source, and easy-to-use E2EE note-taking app focused on user privacy.
Joplin is a free, open-source, and fully-featured E2EE note-taking and to-do application which can handle numerous Markdown notes organized into notebooks and tags.
Cryptee is an open-source, web-based E2EE document editor and photo storage application.
Org-mode is a major mode for GNU Emacs. Org-mode is for keeping notes, maintaining to-do lists, planning projects, and authoring documents with a fast and effective plain-text system.
Office Suites
LibreOffice is a free and open-source office suite with extensive functionality.
OnlyOffice is a cloud-based free and open-source office suite with extensive functionality, including integration with Nextcloud.
Password Managers (Local)
KeePassXC is a community fork of KeePassX, a native cross-platform port of KeePass Password Safe, with the goal of extending and improving it with new features and bug fixes to provide a feature-rich, cross-platform, and modern open-source password manager.
KeePassDX is a lightweight password manager for Android; it allows for editing encrypted data in a single file in KeePass format and can fill in forms securely.
KeePassium is a commercial, open-source password manager made by KeePassium Labs that’s compatible with other KeePass applications. It provides autofill support, passkey management, automatic two-way synchronization through most cloud storage providers, and more.
Gopass is a minimal password manager for the command line written in Go. It can be used within scripting applications and works on all major desktop and server operating systems.
Pastebins
PrivateBin is a minimalist, open-source, online pastebin where the server cannot decrypt and read any pasted data you submit. Data is encrypted/decrypted in the browser using 256-bit AES.
Paaster is a secure and user-friendly pastebin application that prioritizes privacy and simplicity. With end-to-end encryption and paste history, Paaster ensures that your pasted code remains confidential and accessible.
Tor Browser
Tor Browser is the top choice if you need anonymity, as it provides you with access to the Tor network and bridges, and it includes default settings and extensions that are automatically configured by the default security levels: Standard, Safer and Safest.
Onion Browser is an open-source browser that lets you browse the web anonymously over the Tor network on iOS devices and is endorsed by the Tor Project.
Hardware
Security Keys
The Yubico Security Key series is the most cost-effective hardware security key with FIDO Level 2 certification. It supports FIDO2/WebAuthn and FIDO Universal 2nd Factor (U2F), and works out of the box with most services that support a security key as a second factor, as well as many password managers.
The YubiKey series from Yubico are among the most popular security keys with FIDO Level 2 Certification. The YubiKey 5 Series has a wide range of features such as FIDO2/WebAuthn and FIDO U2F, TOTP and HOTP authentication, Personal Identity Verification (PIV), and OpenPGP.
Nitrokey has a cost-effective security key capable of FIDO2/WebAuthn and FIDO U2F called the Nitrokey Passkey. For support for features such as PIV, OpenPGP, and TOTP and HOTP authentication, you need to purchase one of their other keys like the Nitrokey 3. Currently, only the Nitrokey 3A Mini has FIDO Level 1 Certification.
Mobile Phones
Operating Systems
Mobile
Custom Android Operating Systems
Android Apps
Shelter uses a managed work profile to isolate or duplicate apps with optional cross-profile controls.
Secure Camera captures media with minimal metadata and modern Android storage APIs.
Secure PDF Viewer renders PDFs in a sandboxed WebView without broad file permissions.
Ways to Obtain Android Apps
Obtainium is an app manager which allows you to install and update apps directly from the developer’s own releases page (i.e. GitHub, GitLab, the developer’s website, etc.), rather than a centralized app store/repository.
GrapheneOS’s app store is available on GitHub. It supports Android 12 and above and is capable of updating itself. The app store has standalone applications built by the GrapheneOS project such as the Auditor, Camera, and PDF Viewer.
Aurora Store is a Google Play Store client which does not require a Google account, Google Play Services, or microG to download apps.
We only recommend F-Droid as a way to obtain apps which cannot be obtained via the means above. F-Droid is often recommended as an alternative to Google Play, particularly within the privacy community. The option to add third-party repositories and not be confined to Google’s walled garden has led to its popularity.
Desktop/PC
Fedora Linux is our recommended desktop distribution for people new to Linux. Fedora generally adopts newer technologies (e.g., Wayland and PipeWire) before other distributions. These new technologies often come with improvements in security, privacy, and usability in general.
openSUSE Tumbleweed is a stable rolling release distribution. openSUSE Tumbleweed uses Btrfs and Snapper to ensure that snapshots can be rolled back should there be a problem.
Arch Linux is a lightweight, do-it-yourself (DIY) distribution, meaning that you only get what you install. For more information see their FAQ.
Fedora Atomic Desktops are variants of Fedora which use the rpm-ostree package manager and have a strong focus on containerized workflows and Flatpak for desktop applications. All of these variants follow the same release schedule as Fedora Workstation, benefiting from the same fast updates and staying very close to upstream.
NixOS is an independent distribution based on the Nix package manager with a focus on reproducibility and reliability.
Whonix is based on Kicksecure, a security-focused fork of Debian. It aims to provide privacy, security, and anonymity on the internet. Whonix is best used in conjunction with Qubes OS.
Tails is a live operating system based on Debian that routes all communications through Tor, which can boot on on almost any computer from a DVD, USB stick, or SD card installation. It uses Tor to preserve privacy and anonymity while circumventing censorship, and it leaves no trace of itself on the computer it is used on after it is powered off.
Qubes OS is an open-source operating system designed to provide strong security for desktop computing through secure virtual machines (or “qubes”). Qubes is based on Xen, the X Window System, and Linux. It can run most Linux applications and use most of the Linux drivers.
Secureblue is a security-focused operating system based on Fedora Atomic Desktops. It includes a number of security features intended to proactively defend against the exploitation of both known and unknown vulnerabilities, and ships with Trivalent, their hardened, Chromium-based web browser.
Kicksecure—in oversimplified terms—is a set of scripts, configurations, and packages that substantially reduce the attack surface of Debian. It covers a lot of privacy and hardening recommendations by default. It also serves as the base OS for Whonix.
Router Firmware
OpenWrt is a Linux-based operating system; it’s primarily used on embedded devices to route network traffic. It includes util-linux, uClibc, and BusyBox. All the components have been optimized for home routers.
OPNsense is an open-source, FreeBSD-based firewall and routing platform which incorporates many advanced features such as traffic shaping, load balancing, and VPN capabilities, with many more features available in the form of plugins.
Advanced
Alternative Networks
The Tor network is a group of volunteer-operated servers that allows you to connect for free and improve your privacy and security on the Internet. Individuals and organizations can also share information over the Tor network with “.onion hidden services” without compromising their privacy.
Orbot is a mobile application which routes traffic from any app on your device through the Tor network.
Snowflake allows you to donate bandwidth to the Tor Project by operating a “Snowflake proxy” within your browser.
I2P is a network layer which encrypts your connections and routes them via a network of computers distributed around the world. It is mainly focused on creating an alternative, privacy-protecting network rather than making regular internet connections anonymous.
Device Integrity Verification
Mobile Verification Toolkit (MVT) is a collection of utilities which simplifies and automates the process of scanning mobile devices for potential traces of targeting or infection by known spyware campaigns. MVT was developed by Amnesty International and released in 2021 in the context of the Pegasus Project.
iMazing provides a free spyware analyzer tool for iOS devices which acts as a GUI-wrapper for MVT. This can be much easier to run compared to MVT itself, which is a command-line tool designed for technologists and forensic investigators.
Auditor is an app which leverages hardware security features to provide device integrity monitoring by actively validating the identity of a device and the integrity of its operating system. Currently, it only works with GrapheneOS or the stock operating system for supported devices.
Self-Hosting
DNS Filtering
AdGuard Home is an open-source DNS sinkhole which features a polished web interface to view insights and manage blocked content.
Pi-hole is an open-source DNS sinkhole which features a friendly web interface to view insights and manage blocked content. Pi-hole is designed to be hosted on a Raspberry Pi, but it is not limited to such hardware.
Email Servers
Stalwart is a newer mail server written in Rust which supports JMAP in addition to the standard IMAP, POP3, and SMTP. It has a wide variety of configuration options, but also defaults to very reasonable settings in terms of both security and features, making it easy to use immediately.
Mailcow is an advanced mail server perfect for those with Linux experience. It has everything you need in a Docker container: a mail server with DKIM support, antivirus and spam monitoring, webmail and ActiveSync with SOGo, and web-based administration with 2FA support.
Mail-in-a-Box is an automated setup script for deploying a mail server on Ubuntu. Its goal is to make it easier for people to set up their own mail server.
File Management
PhotoPrism is a platform for managing photos. It supports album syncing and sharing as well as a variety of other features. It does not include end-to-end encryption, so it’s best hosted on a server that you trust and is under your control.
FreedomBox is an operating system designed to be run on a single-board computer (SBC). The purpose is to make it easy to set up server applications for use cases like sharing files.
Nextcloud is a suite of free and open-source client-server software for creating your own file hosting services on a private server you control.
Password Sync
Social Networks
Mastodon is a social network based on open web protocols and free, open-source software. It uses the ActivityPub protocol, which is decentralized like email: Users can exist on different servers or even different platforms but still communicate with each other.
Element is the flagship client for the Matrix protocol, an open standard that enables decentralized communication by way of federated chat rooms. Users can exist on different homeservers but still communicate with each other.
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